Breast cancer statistics worldwide pdf

The breast cancer mortality rate for Puerto Rico is 18 deaths per , women [ ]. In general, rates of breast cancer are higher in developed countries such as the U. Women who live in developed countries tend to have a higher lifetime risk of breast cancer than women who live in developing countries [ 75, ]. Low screening rates and incomplete reporting can make rates of breast cancer in developing countries look lower than they truly are and may also explain some of these differences.

Learn more about lifetime risk of breast cancer in the U. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality death among women in most countries in the world [ ]. Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality among women in developing countries such as Cambodia, Nepal and Rwanda [ 75, ].

Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality lung cancer is first among women in developed countries such as the U. These rates vary by race and ethnicity. About 10 percent of Black women in the U. Modern treatments continue to improve survival for people with metastatic breast cancer. However, survival varies greatly from person to person. About one-third of women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer in the U.

Some women may live 10 or more years beyond diagnosis [ ]. Learn more about breast cancer survival rates. Learn about treatment for metastatic breast cancer. A main factor in survival is breast cancer stage.

People with ductal carcinoma in situ DCIS or early stage invasive breast cancer have a better chance of survival than those with later stage cancers. There are different measures of survival including overall survival , breast cancer-specific survival , relative survival and population survival. For example, breast cancer-specific survival is described below.

Disease-specific survival rates, such as breast cancer-specific survival, show the percentage of people who have not died from the disease over a certain period of time after diagnosis. Five-year breast cancer-specific survival shows the percentage of people who have not died from breast cancer 5 years after diagnosis.

These rates vary by breast cancer stage. Adapted from Weiss et al. Learn more about survival statistics. After mammography was shown to be an effective breast cancer screening tool in the late s, the use of screening mammography in the U.

In , 29 percent of women 40 years and older reported having a mammogram within the past 2 years [ ]. By , mammography use increased to 70 percent [ ]. Since , there has been a slight decline in mammography use for reasons that remain unknown [ ]. In most recent data available , 63 percent of women ages 45 and older in the U. Mammography rates, however, vary by group.

Percentage of women ages who had a mammogram within the past year. Percentage of women ages 55 and older who had a mammogram within the past 2 years.

Adapted from American Cancer Society materials [ 60, ]. Learn more about how rates of screening mammography vary among different groups of women. Adapted from American Cancer Society materials [ ]. Percentage of women ages who had a mammogram within the past 2 years.

Adapted from American Cancer Society materials [ 60 ]. The Affordable Care Act requires all new health insurance plans since September to cover mammograms with no co-payment every years for women ages 40 and older [ ].

Learn about Medicare, Medicaid and insurance company coverage of mammograms and find resources for low-cost or free mammograms. Among women in the U. White and Black women have the highest rate of breast cancer incidence overall [ ].

American Indian and Alaska Native women have the lowest [ ]. Black women have the highest breast cancer mortality rate overall [ ]. Asian and Pacific Islander women have the lowest [ ]. In the drawers below, learn more about rates of breast cancer incidence and mortality among women of different races and ethnicities. Immigrants in the U. However, the daughters and granddaughters of immigrants tend to adopt American lifestyle behaviors.

These may include things that increase breast cancer risk, such as being overweight or having children later in life. So, over time, breast cancer incidence rate in the daughters and granddaughters of immigrants tends to become closer to overall incidence rate in the U. Breast and ovarian cancer are more common among women of Ashkenazi Jewish descent women with ancestors from Central or Eastern Europe than among other women. Learn more about Ashkenazi Jewish heritage and breast cancer risk.

Everyone has BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, but women who have an inherited mutation in either of these genes have an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer [ , ]. Men who have a BRCA2 inherited gene mutation, and to a lesser degree men who have a BRCA1 inherited gene mutation, have an increased risk of breast cancer [ , ].

However, about 1 in 40 Ashkenazi Jewish people in the U. About 2 percent of women in the U. Among Ashkenazi Jewish women in the U. Rates of breast cancer incidence new cases and mortality death are lower for Asian and Pacific Islander women than for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Black women [ ]. For example, from most recent data available [ ]:.

Over time, breast cancer incidence rates may become closer to incidence rates in the U. This may explain some of the increase in the breast cancer incidence rate among Asian American women [ 87 ].

Breast cancer incidence rates vary among different Asian American ethnic groups [ 87 ]. For example, the incidence rate is higher in Samoan American and Hawaiian women than in Chinese American and Vietnamese American women [ 87 ]. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in Asian American women lung cancer is the major cause of cancer death [ 87 ]. However, breast cancer mortality rates vary among different Asian ethnic groups in the U.

From most recent data available , the breast cancer mortality rate declined for Asian American women by about one percent per year [ ].

Asian American women have slightly lower rates of screening mammography than Black women and white women [ ]. As of January most recent data available , there were about , Black women in the U. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Black women [ 64 ]. In most recent data available , about 33, new cases of breast cancer were expected to occur among Black women [ 64 ].

Overall, that breast cancer incidence rate among Black women is lower than among white women [ ]. However, from for women younger than 40, the incidence rate is higher among non-Hispanic Black women than non-Hispanic white women [ 60 ]. The incidence rate of breast cancer in Black women increased slightly from by less than one percent a year [ ]. Black women tend to be diagnosed at a younger age than white women [ ]. The median age at diagnosis for Black women is 60, compared to 64 for white women [ ].

The median is the middle value of a group of numbers, so about half of Black and African American women are diagnosed before age 60 and about half are diagnosed after age Among white women, about half are diagnosed before age 64 and about half are diagnosed after age Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among Black women lung cancer is the major cause of cancer death [ 64 ].

In most recent data available , about 6, breast cancer deaths were expected to occur among Black women [ 64 ]. The rate of breast cancer mortality is about 39 percent higher in Black women than in white women [ ]. Of note is that the presence of breast cancer has gradually slowed down over the past decade, which may be due to earlier detection and improved treatments.

The prognosis for patients with breast cancer is highly dependent on the status of axillary lymph nodes. The higher the number of positive lymph nodes, the worse the outcome.

In general, hormone-responsive tumors tend to have a better outcome. In breast cancer survivors, adverse cardiac events are common; this is partly due to the cardiotoxic drugs to treat cancer and the presence of traditional risk factors for heart disease.

The onus is on the healthcare provider to reduce the modifiable risk factors and lower the risk of adverse cardiac events. Contributed by Wikimedia Commons,"Medical gallery of more Contributed by Hassana Barazi, more Table 1. Risk factors that increase risk of estrogen receptor-positive and -negative breast cancer.

J Natl Cancer Inst. Interprofessional care diagram Breast cancer patients. Contributed by Kathryn Malherbe PhD candidate. Estrogen receptor expression in breast carcinoma, ER stain 4x. Contributed by Fabiola Farci, MD. Ca breast with axillary lymphadenopathy. Contributed by Sunil Munakomi, MD. FNAC from breast cancer. Clinical findings in carcinoma breast. This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Turn recording back on.

National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. StatPearls [Internet]. Search term. Breast Cancer Fadi M. Author Information Authors Fadi M. Affiliations 1 Iraqia University. Continuing Education Activity Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, accounting for more than 1 in 10 new cancer diagnoses each year. Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, accounting for more than 1 in 10 new cancer diagnoses each year.

Etiology Identifying factors associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer development is important in general health screening for women. Personal history of breast cancer: A history of cancer in one breast increases the likelihood of a second primary cancer in the contralateral breast. Histologic risk factors: Histologic abnormalities diagnosed by breast biopsy constitute an important category of breast cancer risk factors.

These abnormalities include lobular carcinoma in situ LCIS and proliferative changes with atypia. The family history of breast cancer and genetic risk factors: First-degree relatives of patients with breast cancer have a 2-fold to 3-fold excess risk for developing the disease.

These include the onset of menarche before 12 years of age, first live childbirth after age 30 years, nulliparity, and menopause after age 55 years. Exogenous hormone use: Therapeutic or supplemental estrogen and progesterone are taken for various conditions, with the two most common scenarios being contraception in premenopausal women and hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.

Epidemiology Invasive breast cancer affects 1 in 8 women in the United States According to the American Cancer Society ACS , breast cancer rates among women from various racial and ethnic groups are as follows: Non-Hispanic white: Pathophysiology Breast cancer develops due to DNA damage and genetic mutations that can be influenced by exposure to estrogen. Histopathology Breast cancer can be invasive or non-invasive according to its relation to the basement membrane.

History and Physical Most early breast cancer patients are asymptomatic and discovered during screening mammography. Evaluation Evaluation of Patients with breast cancer needs a triple assessment using clinical evaluation, imaging, and tissue biopsy. Differential Diagnosis Breast abscess. Surgical Oncology Surgery has a major role in the treatment of breast cancer. Radiation Oncology Radiation therapy has a significant role in local disease control. Medical Oncology Chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy are the systemic therapies used in breast cancer management.

Staging Breast cancer staging is determined clinically by physical examination and imaging studies before treatment, and breast cancer stage is determined pathologically by pathologic examination of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes after definitive surgical treatment.

Prognosis The prognosis of early breast cancer is quietly good. Complications Complications can arise from the treatment, whether chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy, or surgery. Surgical complications include: Infection. Deterrence and Patient Education Patients usually require counseling to deal with the condition and treatment. Pearls and Other Issues Breast cancer patients are advised to be followed up for life to detect early recurrence and spread. Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes After the treatment of breast cancer, long-term follow-up is necessary.

Review Questions Access free multiple choice questions on this topic. Comment on this article. Figure Table 1. Figure Interprofessional care diagram Breast cancer patients. Figure Estrogen receptor expression in breast carcinoma, ER stain 4x.

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